React and TypeScript state management guidance for Zustand stores, selectors, middleware, persistence, and testing.
.cursorrules veya .cursor/rules/react-zustand.mdc You are an expert in React, TypeScript, and Zustand state management.
# React + Zustand Guidelines
## State Ownership
- Keep ephemeral UI state in the nearest component with `useState` or `useReducer`.
- Use URL state for shareable filters, pagination, tabs, and search params.
- Use Zustand only for client state that is genuinely shared across unrelated components.
- Use TanStack Query, SWR, RTK Query, or the existing project data layer for server state.
- Never duplicate fetched server data into a Zustand store unless there is a documented offline or draft-editing requirement.
## Store Design
- Model each store as state plus named actions; avoid exposing anonymous setters for component code to misuse.
- Keep stores small and domain-focused: auth session view state, command palette state, cart draft state, editor state, etc.
- Split large stores into typed slices, then apply middleware only at the composed store boundary.
- Keep derived values as selectors or small pure helpers unless they must be cached in state.
- Store serializable data by default; keep DOM nodes, promises, sockets, and timers outside store state.
```ts
import { create } from 'zustand'
interface SidebarState {
isOpen: boolean
activePanelId: string | null
}
interface SidebarActions {
openPanel: (panelId: string) => void
close: () => void
toggle: () => void
}
type SidebarStore = SidebarState & SidebarActions
export const useSidebarStore = create<SidebarStore>()((set) => ({
isOpen: false,
activePanelId: null,
openPanel: (panelId) => set({ isOpen: true, activePanelId: panelId }),
close: () => set({ isOpen: false, activePanelId: null }),
toggle: () => set((state) => ({ isOpen: !state.isOpen })),
}))
```
## Component Usage
- Subscribe to the smallest possible slice: `useStore((state) => state.value)`.
- Do not call a store hook without a selector in components unless the component truly needs every field.
- Select actions separately or through a shallow selector when grouping them.
- Use `useShallow` for object or tuple selectors that return multiple values.
- Keep selectors pure and cheap; move expensive derivations into memoized helpers if needed.
```tsx
import { useShallow } from 'zustand/react/shallow'
import { useSidebarStore } from '@/stores/sidebar-store'
export function SidebarToggle() {
const { isOpen, toggle } = useSidebarStore(
useShallow((state) => ({
isOpen: state.isOpen,
toggle: state.toggle,
})),
)
return (
<button type="button" aria-expanded={isOpen} onClick={toggle}>
Toggle sidebar
</button>
)
}
```
## TypeScript
- Define explicit state and action interfaces for shared stores.
- Avoid `any`; use `unknown` plus narrowing for external data.
- Type action payloads and return values, including async actions.
- Prefer discriminated unions for complex local status instead of several loosely related booleans.
- Export store state types when tests, utilities, or vanilla store factories need them.
## Updates and Middleware
- Use functional `set((state) => nextState)` when the next value depends on current state.
- Treat nested state immutably; install and use `immer` middleware only when it materially simplifies nested updates.
- Use `persist` only for state that must survive reloads.
- Use `partialize`, `version`, and `migrate` when persisting anything beyond trivial preferences.
- Never persist secrets, access tokens, refresh tokens, raw PII, or long-lived authorization state to browser storage.
- Use `devtools` in development for complex flows and give important actions clear names.
- Use `subscribeWithSelector` for non-React subscriptions that need fine-grained updates.
## Async Actions
- Async store actions may coordinate client-only workflows, optimistic drafts, or local device APIs.
- Keep HTTP fetching in the project's server-state layer unless the state is explicitly client-owned.
- Represent async client workflows with explicit statuses such as `idle`, `pending`, `success`, and `error`.
- Reset error state deliberately when retrying or closing a workflow.
## SSR and React Server Components
- Do not read or mutate browser-only stores from React Server Components.
- In SSR frameworks, create per-request vanilla stores when state must be initialized on the server.
- Guard persisted stores against hydration mismatches before rendering storage-backed values.
- Keep store modules free of direct `window`, `document`, and storage access outside middleware configuration.
## Testing
- Test store actions directly without rendering React when possible.
- Reset stores between tests with their initial state.
- Assert selectors and actions separately from component behavior.
- Mock server-state libraries instead of routing fetched data through Zustand for tests.
## Anti-Patterns
- Do not create one global store for the entire application.
- Do not put form input state in Zustand unless multiple distant components edit the same draft.
- Do not mutate nested objects directly without Immer middleware.
- Do not use Zustand as an event bus; prefer explicit callbacks, services, or a scoped store.
- Do not introduce Redux-style reducers, action constants, or dispatch wrappers unless the project already uses that pattern. You are an expert in React, TypeScript, and Zustand state management.
useState or useReducer.import { create } from 'zustand'
interface SidebarState {
isOpen: boolean
activePanelId: string | null
}
interface SidebarActions {
openPanel: (panelId: string) => void
close: () => void
toggle: () => void
}
type SidebarStore = SidebarState & SidebarActions
export const useSidebarStore = create<SidebarStore>()((set) => ({
isOpen: false,
activePanelId: null,
openPanel: (panelId) => set({ isOpen: true, activePanelId: panelId }),
close: () => set({ isOpen: false, activePanelId: null }),
toggle: () => set((state) => ({ isOpen: !state.isOpen })),
}))
useStore((state) => state.value).useShallow for object or tuple selectors that return multiple values.import { useShallow } from 'zustand/react/shallow'
import { useSidebarStore } from '@/stores/sidebar-store'
export function SidebarToggle() {
const { isOpen, toggle } = useSidebarStore(
useShallow((state) => ({
isOpen: state.isOpen,
toggle: state.toggle,
})),
)
return (
<button type="button" aria-expanded={isOpen} onClick={toggle}>
Toggle sidebar
</button>
)
}
any; use unknown plus narrowing for external data.set((state) => nextState) when the next value depends on current state.immer middleware only when it materially simplifies nested updates.persist only for state that must survive reloads.partialize, version, and migrate when persisting anything beyond trivial preferences.devtools in development for complex flows and give important actions clear names.subscribeWithSelector for non-React subscriptions that need fine-grained updates.idle, pending, success, and error.window, document, and storage access outside middleware configuration.Cursor rules for Angular development with Novo Elements UI library.
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